Research Cell: An International Journal of Engineering Sciences

Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Gurmeet Kaur ¹, Sanjay Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 ECE Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN
2 ECE Department, Thapar University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

We investigate dual pump Fiber Optical Parametric amplifier (FOPA) for wide gain bandwidth. With careful optimization of parameters of fiber used for amplification, dual pump FOPAs can effectively serve as high gain saturated, broadband amplifiers. Type of fiber and its characteristics strongly affect the peak gain and bandwidth of the dual pump FOPA. We attempt to optimize the fiber parameters for maximized gain in dual pump FOPAs. Simulation results are based on analytical modeling of dual pump FOPA. Based on these investigation results we demonstrate a flat gain amplifier with peak gain of 38 dB over wide bandwidth of 228 nm using short length Photonic crystal Fibers (PCFs) with high non-linearity (γ>50). We also demonstrate improved gain saturation in dual pump over single pump FOPA.

Keywords

Parametric Amplifiers, Broadband Amplification, Flat Gain, Dual Pump, Gain Saturation.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Abhilasha ¹

Affiliations
1 GZS PTU Campus, Bathinda, Punjab, IN

Abstract

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of distributed autonomous devices called sensor nodes (SNs). Sensor nodes monitors physical or environmental conditions like temperature, sound, vibration, pressure at different locations. Different wireless sensor network applications, like battlefield surveillance, health monitoring, disaster management and earthquake response systems, are developed to cope up with fast changing events in the real world. Each underlying communication infrastructure is required to meet real-time constraints and Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Spatiotemporal communication protocol, called SPEED, is a real-time QoS protocol. SPEED supports spatiotemporal communication service by ensuring a desired delivery speed across the sensor network, and making end-to-end delay proportional to the distance between the source and destination. Limited power resources pose a great challenge in meeting QoS real-time routing. The purpose of the research carried is optimize SPEED protocol routing using Genetic Algorithm (GA).The whole simulation is taken place in the MATLAB environment.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Quality-of-Service (QoS), SPEED, Optimization, Genetic Algorithm (GA).

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Priyanka Jarial ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, University College of Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

In the area of digital image compression, computer algorithms are used to perform processing of images and compression. It deals with developing a digital system that perform operations on digital image. It has many advantages using in digital camera, film, satellite, X-ray and many more applications. Image compression is a technique used to save the storage space normally used to compress images and videos. Number of compression algorithms are used like run length encoding, huffman coding, discrete cosine transform, vector quantization, fuzzy transform. This gives a brief idea on improved fuzzy technique to reduce noise in compressing image. There are so many techniques for compression but in this only present the techniques of improved fuzzy method to reduce noise and compressed the image by using edge detection. The main idea behind applying this is to preserve the well significant edges as Jpeg is the popular standard but at low bit rate Jpeg exhibits blocking artifacts means noisy effects that affect the visual image quality so as to produce high visual quality image at low bit rate, the algorithm is efficient and simple. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps. First, image is preprocessed using competitive fuzzy edge detection. Second, based on edge information image is compressed and decompressed using improved fuzzy transform. Third, reconstructed image is postprocessed using hybrid median filter for artifact reduction. Analysis proves the superiority of proposed algorithm. The results of different number of coefficients are compared with the value of PSNR, MSE of algorithm. After comparison of techniques it is found to be efficient for visualisation.

Keywords

Edge Detection, Improved Fuzzy, Artifact Reduction, LV, MV, HV, CFED.

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Harpritpal Singh ¹, Gaganpreet Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib, IN

Abstract

WSN is an emerging area for sensing information from non-approachable fields. In this fields sensor nodes have been deployed for sensing information. Sink node collects information from sensor nodes based on routing strategy. In this paper improved congestion avoidance in WSN approach has been purposed for regular delivery of data from sensing nodes. Due to congestion much amount of meaningful information gets loss and create burden on network for retransmitting. In this paper dynamic cluster based approach has been purposed that works with CSNM for congestion management. Numerical value of various parameters represents best results than previous approaches.

Keywords

Wireless Scenario, Cluster Head, Congestion Control Algorithm, Cycle Algorithm.

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